Optimum Distribution System Expansion Planning Incorporating DG Based on N-1 Criterion for Sustainable System

Demand for continuous and reliable power supply has significantly increased, especially in this Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. In regard, adequate planning of electrical systems considering persistent load growth, increased integration distributed generators (DGs), optimal system operation during N-1 contingencies, compliance to the existing constraints are paramount. However, these issues need be parallelly addressed optimum distribution planning. Consequently, optimization problem would become more complex due various technical operational as well enormous search space. To address considerations, paper proposes a strategy obtain one solution expansion by contingencies all branches DG sizing placement fluctuations profiles. work, hybrid firefly algorithm particle swarm (FA-PSO) was proposed determine problem. The validity method tested on IEEE 33- 69-bus systems. results show that incorporating DGs with location minimizes investment loss cost 33-bus 42.18% 14.63%, respectively, 69-system 31.53% 12%, respectively. addition, comparative studies were done different model from literature verify robustness method.